Data

When the quantity of interest is unobserved, I build the data. Every paper ships with a journal-grade replication archive; the datasets below are released, or built for release, as standalone public resources.

Malaysia Election Panel Data, 1959–2018. A constituency-level panel covering every Malaysian general election, built from primary electoral records with boundary harmonization across successive redistricting exercises. Available at Zenodo.

Lower Chamber Elections Archive, Malaysia. Contributed to the Constituency-Level Elections Archive (CLEA), including candidate-, district-, and party-coding corrections fed back to the archive.

Three-Country Candidate Career Panels. Career-trajectory panels for every dominant-party candidate in three regimes — the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Malaysia (1959–2022), the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in Japan (1947–2014), and the Kuomintang (KMT) in Taiwan (1986–2024) — assembled from primary records in three languages with documented codebooks. Public release planned alongside the associated paper, “Crisis from Within.”

Geocoded Settlement Layers for Peninsular Malaysia. Geocoded layers of Emergency-era Chinese New Villages and Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) schemes, joined to historical constituency boundaries for every delineation since 1955, with census-interpolated ethnic composition. Released through the replication archives of the associated papers.